Menginstal dan memperbarui dependensi di JavaScript

Menginstal dan memperbarui dependensi JavaScript



Halo lagi! Di posting terakhir, kita mulai melihat proses pengelolaan dependensi dalam JavaScript, mengurutkan dasar-dasarnya: apa itu paket npm, seperti apa bentuk manifes paket, di bidang mana dependensi ditulis dan, pada prinsipnya, apa itu pohon dependensi, serta dasar-dasar pembuatan versi semantik (semver). Jika Anda melewatkan posting sebelumnya , saya sarankan untuk memulainya.



semver, , .



npm shell autocomplete



npm . , shell.



, :



  • Bash:



    npm completion >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc


  • Z shell:



    npm completion >> ~/.zshrc
    source ~/.zshrc




shell- . , : npm smth… [TAB], shell .





, npm ( package.json). , npm init. .



: npm init -y, . npm , .





npm init, (npm initializers). boilerplate-.



: npm init <initializer>, <initializer> — (: esm react-app).



— npm- create-, npm registry . , .



React- create-react-app: npm init react-app -- my-react-app. CLI, npm init , . React, , , , , ( : my-react-app).



registry. , — npm registry. .





, : dependencies, devDependencies, peerDependencies optionalDependencies. : npm install <package-name> : npm i <package-name>.



: npm i lodash.



lodash dependencies .



: npm i lodash express passport.



install :



  • -P, --save-prod

    dependencies ( )
  • -D, --save-dev

    devDependencies
  • -O, --save-optional

    optionalDependencies


peerDependencies, . . npm . , dependencies npm install, peerDependencies, ( IDE npm).



, , npm , . . : ( Git).



npm install , . . : .




- , «@»:



  • npm i lodash@3.9.2
  • npm i lodash@3


. .





, , , git clone?



npm install npm i , npm , .



:



  • --only=prod[uction]
  • --only=dev[elopment]


, , , Node.js, .





. npm : npm ls.



: npm ls [<package-name>], <package-name> , .



, ( , ):





npm ls .



, «» , : npm ls lodash.





lodash npm ls lodash.



, npm ls depth. :



npm ls --depth=0


, .



dev prod , dependencies devDependencies:



  • npm ls --dev[elopment]
  • npm ls --prod[uction]


json , npm , . ( ):



npm ls --json




npm (semver). : , 1.2.3 1.2.4 (patch update) 1.3.0 (minor update), , . . semver . 1.2.3 2.0.0 , (changelog) , , , , .



, semver , , - patch minor ( , ).



, , , , , ( ).




semver . , npm : patch, minor .



package.json :



{
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "^4.17.17"
  }
}


«^» (caret, hat «») semver. , lodash , 5.0.0, . . patch minor , .



, semver, npm, 99% ( npm ), . . .





, , . , . . , :



{
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "4.17.17"
  }
}


, lodash 4.17.17, , .



:



  • , , , — ,
  • , , ( ). , , .


.



, — ( ). , . . , .





, , , . npm outdated .





npm outdated , .



:



Package
Current
Wanted , semver
Latest , ( )
Location


npm outdated , , depth , npm , :



npm outdated --depth=10


:



npm outdated --depth=9999




npm npm update.



npm registry semver . registry ( semver), , , . , semver, . . npm update , .



: lodash: ^4.16.4. npm update , 4.17.19, : ^4.17.19.



npm outdated, npm update depth , . , :



npm update --depth=9999


( ) . , .



npm-check



npm outdated npm update npm-check.



:



npm i -g npm-check


, , . , semver, , . : - . !





npm-check : , .





npm-check, : , .



npm-check , - :





npm-check , lodash .



( ) .





, . npm uninstall : rm, r un. , :



npm rm lodash express


, .



Workflow npm-



, , workflow JavaScript-. , , .



  • :

    • npm init

      ()
    • npm init -y

      ( IDE)
  • :

    • npm install <dependency>
    • npm install <dependency-1> <dependency-2>…
    • npm install -D <dev-dependency>…
  • :

    • npm outdated

      ( )
    • npm outdated --depth=9999

      ( )
    • npm update

      ( semver)
    • npm update --depth=9999

      ( semver)
    • npm-check

      ( )
    • npm-check -u

      ( )
  • :

    • npm rm <dependency>




, , . semver .



. , !






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