Clever Geek Handbook

Menerapkan Multicast VPN di Cisco IOS (Bagian 1)

Saat memahami metode modern pengorganisasian multicast VPN, saya perhatikan bahwa tidak banyak materi di jaringan yang menjelaskan prinsip dan detail teknologi. Situs web vendor menyediakan konfigurasi yang memadai untuk penerapan, tetapi tidak menjelaskan arti dari semua tindakan yang dilakukan.



Dalam rangkaian artikel ini, saya akan mencoba membuka misteri bagaimana segala sesuatu bekerja di bawah tenda.



Approx. Penulis berasumsi bahwa pembaca sudah familiar dengan teknologi berikut: OSPF, BGP, PIM, MPLS.



Tertarik - selamat datang di bawah kucing.



Tugas utama adalah melakukan tunnel paket multicast antara router PE (dari Ingress PE ke satu atau lebih Egress PE). Untuk melakukan ini, Anda perlu membangun jaringan overlay di atas infrastruktur underlay.



Jika kita beralih ke RFC6513, kita akan menemukan penjelasan yang agak spasial tentang bagaimana lalu lintas harus ditransmisikan antara router PE: “Terowongan-P harus digunakan - terowongan-P adalah mekanisme transportasi di dalam jaringan Penyedia Layanan yang membuat contoh a Provider Multicast Service Interface (PMSI). PMSI adalah "overlay" konseptual pada jaringan P dengan properti berikut: PE di MVPN tertentu dapat memberikan paket ke PMSI, dan paket tersebut akan dikirim ke beberapa atau semua PE lain di MVPN, sedemikian rupa sehingga setiap PE yang menerima paket akan dapat menentukan MVPN tempat paket tersebut berada. "



Itu. jika Anda hanya mengikuti apa yang dikatakan, maka seluruh infrastruktur VPN multicast akan terlihat seperti ini:





Satu-satunya hal yang tersisa adalah mencari cara untuk membuat PMSI ini dan bagaimana perangkat PE dapat saling mempelajari satu sama lain.



-:



  • Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM, P-PIM, Provider-PIM; PIM GRT)
  • Multipoint Label Distribution Protocol (mLDP)
  • Resource Reservation Protocol Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE)
  • Ingress Replication (IR)


. PMSI PIM mLDP.



-, / . :



  • PIM (C-PIM, Customer-PIM; PIM (VRF))
  • BGP.


mVPN :



  • . (C-Multicast) .




, .



, , :



  • - (Point-to-Point)

    • ( , MPLS ), LSP (unicast) .
  • - (Point-to-Multipoint)

    • ( , root) . (unidirectional).
  • - (Multipoint-to-Multipoint)

    • (bidirectional), , . , .
  • -- (Point-to-Point-to-Multipoint)

    • P2P P2MP . P2P LSP , P2MP .

      , Partitioned MDT.


:



  • Multi-Directional Inclusive PMSI (MI-PMSI, aka Default MDT)
  • Selective PMSI (aka Data MDT)
  • Multi-Directional Selective PMSI (aka Partitioned MDT)


( ). , mVPN «Default MDT».



Default MDT



Default MDT PE- VPN (VRF) . Default MDT , PIM .



Default MDT - PE PIM VRF, PIM (Join/Prune, RPT Switchover) Default MDT , LAN .





mVPN Profile 0



mVPN «Profile 0», «Draft Rosen».



:



  • Default MDT
  • PIM
  • PIM
  • C-multicast GRE (mGRE )


, , . :



  • BGP ( , VPNv4), unicast RPF .
  • OSPF IS-IS ( ) IP- Loopback0 , BGP
  • PIM ASM ( Global Routing Table, GRT)

    • Bootstrap Router (BSR)
  • LDP / .


:



router ospf 1
 router-id X.X.X.X
!
ip mutlicast-routing
!
ip pim register-source Lo0
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address X.X.X.X 255.255.255.255
 ip ospf 1 area 0
 ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Gi2.Y
 encapsulation dot1q Y
 ip address 10.X.Y.Z 255.255.255.0
 ip ospf 1 area 0
 ip pim sparse-mode
!
router bgp 65001
 bgp router-id X.X.X.X
 no bgp default ipv4 unicast
 neighbor Y.Y.Y.Y remote-as 65001
 neighbor Y.Y.Y.Y update-source Loopback0
 !
 address-family vpnv4
  neighbor Y.Y.Y.Y activate
  neighbor Y.Y.Y.Y send-community-both
!
#############################################
##########     ##########
#############################################
!
ip pim rp-candidate Lo0
ip pim bsr-candidate Lo0


, , ( Provider RP (P-RP) – ). , show ip int brief. ? : Tunnel (encap) PIM-Register P-RP. P-RP Tunnel (decap) Register .



. 



PE1#show int tu2 | i Descr|destination|Tunnel2
Tunnel2 is up, line protocol is up 
  Description: **Pim Register Tunnel (Encap)** for RP 8.8.8.8
  Tunnel source 1.1.1.1 (Loopback0), destination 8.8.8.8


>RR#show int tu0 | i Descr|destination|Tunnel0
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up 
  Description: **Pim Register Tunnel (Encap)** for RP 8.8.8.8
  Tunnel source 8.8.8.8 (Loopback0), destination 8.8.8.8
         Tunnel0 source tracking subblock associated with Loopback0
RR#show int tu1 | i Descr|destination|Tunnel1
Tunnel1 is up, line protocol is up 
  Description: Pim Register Tunnel (**Decap**) for RP 8.8.8.8
  Tunnel source 8.8.8.8 (Loopback0), destination 8.8.8.8
         Tunnel1 source tracking subblock associated with Loopback0


Profile 0 C-multicast mGRE . () IP . ( GRT). PIM GRT. :



ip vrf C-ONE
 mdt default 239.1.1.1


, ingress PE - VRF, ingress mGRE, destination IP 239.1.1.1 .



, egress PE . . .



PE2#show ip igmp membership 
Flags: A  - aggregate, T - tracked
       L  - Local, S - static, V - virtual, R - Reported through v3 
       I - v3lite, U - Urd, M - SSM (S,G) channel 
       1,2,3 - The version of IGMP, the group is in
Channel/Group-Flags: 
       / - Filtering entry (Exclude mode (S,G), Include mode (G))
Reporter:
       <mac-or-ip-address> - last reporter if group is not explicitly tracked
       <n>/<m>      - <n> reporter in include mode, <m> reporter in exclude

 Channel/Group                  Reporter        Uptime   Exp.  Flags  Interface 
 *,239.1.1.1                    2.2.2.2         1d20h    stop  2VA    Lo0


, 2 (*, 239.1.1.1) Loopback0. , , PIM Join RP .



, 2 mRIB. PIM ASM (shared tree source-based tree):



P2#show ip mroute 239.1.1.1
IP Multicast Routing Table

(*, 239.1.1.1), 2d00h/00:03:09, RP 8.8.8.8, flags: S
  Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet2.68, RPF nbr 10.6.8.8
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.67, Forward/Sparse, 2d00h/00:03:09
    GigabitEthernet2.26, Forward/Sparse, 2d00h/00:03:05
 (2.2.2.2, 239.1.1.1), 05:22:26/00:01:55, flags: T
  Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet2.26, RPF nbr 10.2.6.2
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.56, Forward/Sparse, 05:22:26/00:02:46
    GigabitEthernet2.67, Forward/Sparse, 05:22:26/00:03:09


, MDT vrf C-ONE , :



P2#show ip mroute 239.1.1.1
IP Multicast Routing Table
(*, 239.1.1.1), 2d00h/00:03:09, RP 8.8.8.8, flags: S
  Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet2.68, RPF nbr 10.6.8.8
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.67, Forward/Sparse, 2d00h/00:03:09
    GigabitEthernet2.26, Forward/Sparse, 2d00h/00:03:05

(4.4.4.4, 239.1.1.1), 05:21:57/00:02:16, flags: T
  Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet2.56, RPF nbr 10.5.6.5
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.26, Forward/Sparse, 05:21:57/00:03:15

(3.3.3.3, 239.1.1.1), 05:22:22/00:01:46, flags: T
  Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet2.67, RPF nbr 10.6.7.7
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.26, Forward/Sparse, 05:22:22/00:03:05

(2.2.2.2, 239.1.1.1), 05:22:26/00:01:55, flags: T
  Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet2.26, RPF nbr 10.2.6.2
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.56, Forward/Sparse, 05:22:26/00:02:46
    GigabitEthernet2.67, Forward/Sparse, 05:22:26/00:03:09

(1.1.1.1, 239.1.1.1), 2d00h/00:03:15, flags: T
  Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet2.56, RPF nbr 10.5.6.5
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.26, Forward/Sparse, 2d00h/00:03:05


GRT. ? — C-VRF! .



PMSI. Cisco IOS ( Profile 0) MDT BGP. MDT , PMSI .



MDT Route Reflector (R8).



PE1#sh run | s bgp
router bgp 65001
 !
 address-family ipv4 mdt
  neighbor 8.8.8.8 activate
 exit-address-family


Tunnel:



*Nov 12 11:27:45.131: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up


PE1#show int Tu0 | i transport|source|Tunnel0
Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up 
  Tunnel source 1.1.1.1 (Loopback0)
         Tunnel0 source tracking subblock associated with Loopback0
          Set of tunnels with source Loopback0, 2 members (includes iterators), on interface <OK>
  Tunnel protocol/transport multi-GRE/IP
  Tunnel transport MTU 1476 bytes


Tunnel0 — , PMSI C-VRF.



PE1#show ip pim vrf C-ONE interface 

Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR         DR
                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior
172.1.11.1       GigabitEthernet2.111     v2/S   1      30     1          172.1.11.11
172.1.15.1       GigabitEthernet2.115     v2/S   1      30     1          172.1.15.15
1.1.1.1          Tunnel0                  v2/S   3      30     1          4.4.4.4


PIM Hello ( 224.0.0.13) , VRF Default MDT.



PE1#show ip pim vrf C-ONE interface 
Address          Interface                Ver/   Nbr    Query  DR         DR
                                          Mode   Count  Intvl  Prior
172.1.11.1       GigabitEthernet2.111     v2/S   1      30     1          172.1.11.11
172.1.15.1       GigabitEthernet2.115     v2/S   1      30     1          172.1.15.15
1.1.1.1          Tunnel0                  v2/S   3      30     1          4.4.4.4


PE1#show ip pim vrf C-ONE neighbor           
PIM Neighbor Table
Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,
      P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable,
      L - DR Load-balancing Capable
Neighbor          Interface                Uptime/Expires    Ver   DR
Address                                                            Prio/Mode
172.1.11.11       GigabitEthernet2.111     4d20h/00:01:25    v2    1 / DR S P G
172.1.15.15       GigabitEthernet2.115     4d21h/00:01:25    v2    1 / DR S P G
3.3.3.3           Tunnel0                  00:07:25/00:01:41 v2    1 / S P G
2.2.2.2           Tunnel0                  00:07:25/00:01:41 v2    1 / S P G
4.4.4.4           Tunnel0                  00:08:24/00:01:41 v2    1 / DR S P G


PIM Hello, 1. , ( VRF) IP-, .







, Default MDT Multipoint-to-Multipoint .. (. PIM Hello) , .



: « MDT? PIM ASM ».



, Cisco IOS , PMSI BGP . , (Tunnel0 UP neighbor activate).



MDT , PIM SSM. , RP, - . MDT :



PE1#show bgp ipv4 mdt all 
     Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 1.1.1.1:1 (default for vrf C-ONE)
 *>   1.1.1.1/32       0.0.0.0                                0 ?
Route Distinguisher: 2.2.2.2:1
 *>i  2.2.2.2/32       2.2.2.2                  0    100      0 ?
Route Distinguisher: 3.3.3.3:1
 *>i  3.3.3.3/32       3.3.3.3                  0    100      0 ?
Route Distinguisher: 4.4.4.4:1
 *>i  4.4.4.4/32       4.4.4.4                  0    100      0 ?


PE1#show bgp ipv4 mdt all 2.2.2.2/32
BGP routing table entry for 2.2.2.2:1:2.2.2.2/32         version 3
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table IPv4-MDT-BGP-Table)
  Not advertised to any peer
  Refresh Epoch 1
  Local
    2.2.2.2 from 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8)
      Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
      Originator: 2.2.2.2, Cluster list: 8.8.8.8,
      MDT group address: 239.1.1.1

      rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0


Originator MDT group address, (S,G) .



. : The Address Family (AF) IPv4 Multicast Distribution Tree (MDT) must be used for all types of PIM signaling in the core (not only for PIM Source Specific Multicast (SSM)).

.. sAFI MDT , .



.



, CE3 CE4 :



interface Loopback0
 ip igmp join-group 230.0.0.1


, 3 4 :



PE3#show ip mroute vrf C-ONE       

(*, 230.0.0.1), 05:58:36/00:03:19, RP 15.15.15.15, flags: S
  Incoming interface: Tunnel1, RPF nbr 1.1.1.1
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.313, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:10/00:03:19


PE4#show ip mroute vrf C-ONE

(*, 230.0.0.1), 00:00:29/00:03:00, RP 15.15.15.15, flags: S
  Incoming interface: Tunnel0, RPF nbr 1.1.1.1
  Outgoing interface list:
    GigabitEthernet2.414, Forward/Sparse, 00:00:29/00:03:00


2 OIL ( ). , IIL Tunnel (default MDT). .. 2 230.0.0.1 .



PE2#show ip mroute 239.1.1.1

(*, 239.1.1.1), 05:06:26/stopped, RP 8.8.8.8, flags: SJCFZ
  Incoming interface: GigabitEthernet2.26, RPF nbr 10.2.6.6
  Outgoing interface list:
    MVRF C-ONE, Forward/Sparse, 05:06:26/stopped


PE2#show ip mroute vrf C-ONE

(*, 230.0.0.1), 05:59:17/00:01:08, RP 15.15.15.15, flags: SP
  Incoming interface: Tunnel1, RPF nbr 1.1.1.1
  Outgoing interface list: Null


:



CE1#ping 230.0.0.1 source 11.11.11.11
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 230.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 11.11.11.11 

Reply to request 0 from 14.14.14.14, 11 ms
Reply to request 0 from 13.13.13.13, 13 ms


, , PIM ( mGRE):





: MPLS , ( Profile 0) .



(ICMP reply) MPLS L3 VPN:





, Default MDT . , PE-, , C-Receiver . , ​​ PE, . ( VLAN ID = 26, R2 (PE2) R6 (P2)).







Untuk melewati batasan MDT Default, konsep MDT Data diperkenalkan, yang memungkinkan pengalihan lalu lintas pengguna C- (S, G) dari MDT Default ke MDT Data, di mana hanya PE yang terlibat di mana ada sumber aktif atau penerima lalu lintas. Kami akan membicarakan hal ini dengan Anda di edisi berikutnya.



Bersambung...



More articles:


All Articles