Menghadirkan lingkungan pengujian di Kubernetes: Apache Kafka, Kafka Connect, MirrorMaker 2.0, dan Jmeter

Saya seorang insinyur pengujian beban dan baru-baru ini mengerjakan proyek di mana Apache Kafka diharapkan dapat digunakan secara aktif. Karena mode kerja jarak jauh, mendapatkan akses ke lingkungan pengujian membutuhkan waktu berminggu-minggu. Agar tidak membuang waktu, saya memutuskan untuk menerapkan stand lokal di Kubernetes.

Mereka yang telah bekerja dengan Apache Kafka akan mengonfirmasi bahwa dokumentasi resmi tidak mencakup semua detail instalasi dan konfigurasi. Saya harap panduan langkah demi langkah ini akan membantu Anda mengurangi waktu yang diperlukan untuk menerapkan lingkungan pengujian Anda. Saya menarik perhatian Anda pada fakta bahwa memasang stateful dalam kontainer jauh dari ide yang baik, jadi instruksi ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk memasang stand industri.

Petunjuknya menjelaskan cara membuat mesin virtual di VirtualBox, menginstal dan mengkonfigurasi sistem operasi, menginstal Docker, Kubernetes, dan sistem pemantauan. Ada dua cluster Apache Kafka yang diterapkan di Kubernetes: "produksi" dan "cadangan". MirrorMaker 2.0 digunakan untuk mereplikasi pesan dari produksi ke cadangan. Komunikasi antara node cluster produksi dilindungi oleh TLS. Sayangnya, saya tidak dapat mengupload skrip untuk menghasilkan sertifikat di Git. Sebagai contoh, Anda dapat menggunakan sertifikat dari arsip certs / certs.tar.gz. Di akhir tutorial, kami menjelaskan cara menerapkan cluster Jmeter dan menjalankan skrip pengujian.

Sumber tersedia di repositori: github.com/kildibaev/k8s-kafka

Instruksi dirancang untuk pendatang baru di Kubernetes, jadi jika Anda sudah memiliki pengalaman dengan container, Anda dapat langsung membuka bagian "12. Menerapkan cluster Apache Kafka" .

T&J:

• Mengapa Ubuntu digunakan? Saya awalnya menerapkan Kubernetes di CentOS 7, tetapi setelah salah satu pembaruan, lingkungan berhenti berfungsi. Selain itu, saya perhatikan bahwa di CentOS, uji beban yang berjalan di Jmeter berperilaku tidak terduga. Jika Anda mengalami, silakan tulis di komentar solusi yang mungkin untuk masalah ini. Semuanya jauh lebih stabil di Ubuntu.
• Mengapa tidak k3s atau MicroK8s? Singkatnya, baik k3s maupun MicroK8s di luar kotak tidak tahu cara bekerja dengan repositori Docker lokal.
• ? .
• Flannel? kubernetes Flannel — , .
• Docker, CRI-O? CRI-O .
• MirrorMaker 2.0 Kafka Connect? Kafka Connect MirrorMaker 2.0 " " REST API.

1.

2. Ubuntu Server 20.04

3. Ubuntu

4. Docker

5. iptables

6. kubeadm, kubelet kubectl

7. Kubernetes

8. Flannel

9. pod- control-plane

10. kubectl

11. Prometheus, Grafana, Alert Manager Node Exporter

12. Apache Kafka

12.1. Apache Zookeeper

12.2. Apache Kafka

13.

13.1.

13.2.

14. MirrorMaker 2.0

14.1. MirrorMaker 2.0 Kafka Connect

14.2.

15. Jmeter

16.

---

1.

2 6-8 . , Rancher K3S.

2. Ubuntu Server 20.04

, . :

• IP , ( 10.0.2.15);
• Kubernetes , swap , ;
• "Install OpenSSH server".

3. Ubuntu

3.1. Firewall

sudo ufw disable

3.2. Swap

sudo swapoff -a

sudo sed -i 's/^\/swap/#\/swap/' /etc/fstab

3.3. OpenJDK

OpenJDK keytool, :

sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk-headless

3.4. ()

DigitalOcean:

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-ssh-keys-on-ubuntu-20-04-ru

4. Docker ^[]

# Switch to the root user 
sudo su

# (Install Docker CE)
## Set up the repository:
### Install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS
apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
  apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common gnupg2

# Add Docker’s official GPG key:
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -

# Add the Docker apt repository:
add-apt-repository \
  "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) \
  stable"

# Install Docker CE
apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
  containerd.io=1.2.13-2 \
  docker-ce=5:19.03.11~3-0~ubuntu-$(lsb_release -cs) \
  docker-ce-cli=5:19.03.11~3-0~ubuntu-$(lsb_release -cs)

# Set up the Docker daemon
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d

# Restart Docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

# If you want the docker service to start on boot, run the following command:
sudo systemctl enable docker

5. iptables ^[]

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sudo sysctl --system

6. kubeadm, kubelet kubectl ^[]

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl

curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

7. Kubernetes

control-plane: ^[]

# Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
# This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
sudo kubeadm config images pull

# Initialize a Kubernetes control-plane node
sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

( root): ^[]

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

8. Flannel ^[]

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

9. pod- control-plane ^[]

Kubernetes standalone, pod- control-plane:

kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

10. kubectl ^[]

alias k='kubectl'

echo "alias k='kubectl'" >> ~/.bashrc

11. Prometheus, Grafana, Alert Manager Node Exporter

kube-prometheus: ^[]

curl -O -L https://github.com/coreos/kube-prometheus/archive/master.zip

sudo apt install -y unzip

unzip master.zip

cd kube-prometheus-master

kubectl create -f manifests/setup

kubectl create -f manifests/

, pod-. pod- Running:

kubectl get pods -w -n monitoring

Kafka Zookeeper JMX Exporter. Prometheus ServiceMonitor:

k apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kildibaev/k8s-kafka/master/servicemonitor/jmx-exporter-servicemonitor.yaml

, - Grafana :

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kildibaev/k8s-kafka/master/service/grafana-svc.yaml

Grafana http://localhost:32000

, Grafana :

- Grafana http://127.0.0.1:3000

Grafana . http://127.0.0.1:3000/dashboard/import "Import via panel json" grafana-dashboard.json

12. Apache Kafka

#   
git clone https://github.com/kildibaev/k8s-kafka.git $HOME/k8s-kafka
cd $HOME/k8s-kafka

12.1. Apache Zookeeper

Statefulset. Apache Zookeeper : zookeeper-0.zookeeper, zookeeper-1.zookeeper zookeeper-2.zookeeper

#   zookeeper-base
sudo docker build -t zookeeper-base:local-v1 -f dockerfile/zookeeper-base.dockerfile .

#   Zookeeper
k apply -f service/zookeeper-svc.yaml

#   Apache Zookeeper
k apply -f statefulset/zookeeper-statefulset.yaml

#          pod-    Running.   pod-   :
k get pods -w

12.2. Apache Kafka

Apache Kafka : kafka-0.kafka kafka-1.kafka

#   kafka-base
sudo docker build -t kafka-base:local-v1 -f dockerfile/kafka-base.dockerfile .

#   Kafka
k apply -f service/kafka-svc.yaml

#   Apache Kafka
k apply -f statefulset/kafka-statefulset.yaml

#         pod-    Running.   pod-   :
k get pods -w

13.

13.1.

, 10 . 100 . 30000 .

#   pod - producer
k run --rm -i --tty producer --image=kafka-base:local-v1 -- bash

#   topicname     
bin/kafka-producer-perf-test.sh \
   --topic topicname \
   --num-records 30000 \
   --record-size 100 \
   --throughput 10 \
   --producer.config /config/client.properties \
   --producer-props acks=1 \
   bootstrap.servers=kafka-0.kafka:9092,kafka-1.kafka:9092 \
   buffer.memory=33554432 \
   batch.size=8196

13.2.

#   pod - consumer
k run --rm -i --tty consumer --image=kafka-base:local-v1 -- bash 

#     topicname
bin/kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh \
--broker-list kafka-0.kafka:9092,kafka-1.kafka:9092 \
--consumer.config /config/client.properties \
--messages 30000 \
--topic topicname \
--threads 2

14. MirrorMaker 2.0

14.1. MirrorMaker 2.0 Kafka Connect

Apache Kafka, , production. pod, : Apache Zookeeper, Apache Kafka Kafka Connect. Apache Kafka backup production backup.

k apply -f service/mirrormaker-svc.yaml

#  pod,      : Apache Zookeeper, Apache Kafka  Kafka Connect
k apply -f statefulset/mirrormaker-statefulset.yaml

#    pod   mirrormaker-0    Running
k get pods -w

#    connect  pod- mirrormaker-0    
k exec -ti mirrormaker-0 -c connect -- bash

#   Kafka Connect   MirrorMaker 2.0
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" mirrormaker-0.mirrormaker:8083/connectors -d \
'{
    "name": "MirrorSourceConnector",
    "config": {
      "connector.class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.mirror.MirrorSourceConnector",
      "source.cluster.alias": "production",
      "target.cluster.alias": "backup",
      "source.cluster.bootstrap.servers": "kafka-0.kafka:9092,kafka-1.kafka:9092",
      "source.cluster.group.id": "mirror_maker_consumer",
      "source.cluster.enable.auto.commit": "true",
      "source.cluster.auto.commit.interval.ms": "1000",
      "source.cluster.session.timeout.ms": "30000",
      "source.cluster.security.protocol": "SSL",
      "source.cluster.ssl.truststore.location": "/certs/kafkaCA-trusted.jks",
      "source.cluster.ssl.truststore.password": "kafkapilot",
      "source.cluster.ssl.truststore.type": "JKS",
      "source.cluster.ssl.keystore.location": "/certs/kafka-consumer.jks",
      "source.cluster.ssl.keystore.password": "kafkapilot",
      "source.cluster.ssl.keystore.type": "JKS",
      "target.cluster.bootstrap.servers": "localhost:9092",
      "target.cluster.compression.type": "none",
      "topics": ".*",
      "rotate.interval.ms": "1000",
      "key.converter.class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.converters.ByteArrayConverter",
      "value.converter.class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.converters.ByteArrayConverter"
    }
}'

14.2.

, backup production.topicname. ".production" MirrorMaker 2.0 , , , active-active.

#   pod - consumer
k exec -ti mirrormaker-0 -c kafka -- bash

#    
bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server mirrormaker-0.mirrormaker:9092

#     production.topicname
bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh \
--bootstrap-server mirrormaker-0.mirrormaker:9092 \
--topic production.topicname \
--from-beginning

production.topicname , , Kafka Connect:

k logs mirrormaker-0 connect

ERROR WorkerSourceTask{id=MirrorSourceConnector-0} Failed to flush, timed out while waiting for producer to flush outstanding 1 messages (org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSourceTask:438)

ERROR WorkerSourceTask{id=MirrorSourceConnector-0} Failed to commit offsets (org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.SourceTaskOffsetCommitter:114)

producer.buffer.memory:

k exec -ti mirrormaker-0 -c connect -- bash

curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" mirrormaker-0.mirrormaker:8083/connectors/MirrorSourceConnector/config -d \
'{
  "connector.class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.mirror.MirrorSourceConnector",
  "source.cluster.alias": "production",
  "target.cluster.alias": "backup",
  "source.cluster.bootstrap.servers": "kafka-0.kafka:9092,kafka-1.kafka:9092",
  "source.cluster.group.id": "mirror_maker_consumer",
  "source.cluster.enable.auto.commit": "true",
  "source.cluster.auto.commit.interval.ms": "1000",
  "source.cluster.session.timeout.ms": "30000",
  "source.cluster.security.protocol": "SSL",
  "source.cluster.ssl.truststore.location": "/certs/kafkaCA-trusted.jks",
  "source.cluster.ssl.truststore.password": "kafkapilot",
  "source.cluster.ssl.truststore.type": "JKS",
  "source.cluster.ssl.keystore.location": "/certs/kafka-consumer.jks",
  "source.cluster.ssl.keystore.password": "kafkapilot",
  "source.cluster.ssl.keystore.type": "JKS",
  "target.cluster.bootstrap.servers": "localhost:9092",
  "target.cluster.compression.type": "none",
  "topics": ".*",
  "rotate.interval.ms": "1000",
  "producer.buffer.memory:" "1000",
  "key.converter.class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.converters.ByteArrayConverter",
  "value.converter.class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.converters.ByteArrayConverter"
}'

15. Jmeter

#   jmeter-base
sudo docker build -t jmeter-base:local-v1 -f dockerfile/jmeter-base.dockerfile .

#   Jmeter
k apply -f service/jmeter-svc.yaml

#   pod- Jmeter,     
k apply -f statefulset/jmeter-statefulset.yaml

pod jmeter-producer producer.jmx

k run --rm -i --tty jmeter-producer --image=jmeter-base:local-v1 -- bash ./jmeter -n -t /tests/producer.jmx -r -Jremote_hosts=jmeter-0.jmeter:1099,jmeter-1.jmeter:1099

pod jmeter-consumer consumer.jmx

k run --rm -i --tty jmeter-consumer --image=jmeter-base:local-v1 -- bash ./jmeter -n -t /tests/consumer.jmx -r -Jremote_hosts=jmeter-2.jmeter:1099,jmeter-3.jmeter:1099

16.

statefulset

k delete statefulset jmeter zookeeper kafka mirrormaker

sudo docker rmi -f zookeeper-base:local-v1 kafka-base:local-v1 jmeter-base:local-v1

k delete svc grafana jmeter kafka mirrormaker zookeeper
k delete servicemonitor jmxexporter

linkedin: kildibaev

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