🕵🏽 👩‍❤️‍💋‍👨 🈴 Pengantar Traefik 2.0 💨 Ⓜ️ 🙎🏿

Traefik adalah proxy terbalik open source untuk memudahkan penanganan layanan microser dan / atau hanya dengan aplikasi Anda.

Proxy terbalik (reverse proxy, reverse proxy) berfungsi untuk menyampaikan permintaan dari jaringan eksternal ke server / layanan apa pun di jaringan internal (misalnya, server web, database, atau penyimpanan file) dan memungkinkan Anda untuk:

memastikan penyembunyian struktur jaringan internal dan perincian tentang layanan yang berada di dalamnya;
melakukan load balancing antara instance dari layanan yang sama atau server dengan tugas yang sama;
menyediakan koneksi terenkripsi (HTTPS) antara klien dan layanan apa pun, dalam hal ini sesi SSL dibuat antara klien dan proksi, dan koneksi HTTP yang tidak terenkripsi dibuat antara proxy dan layanan di jaringan internal; jika layanan mendukung HTTPS, koneksi terenkripsi juga dapat dibuat di jaringan internal;
mengatur kontrol akses ke layanan (otentikasi klien), serta menginstal firewall (firewall).

Artikel ini akan menjelaskan penggunaan Traefik di Docker sebagai proksi terbalik untuk kontainer Docker lainnya serta layanan non-kemas.

gambar

pengantar

Traefik “Edge Router”, . , , : -, Traefik ; -, Traefik EE — , HA (Hight Availability, ), (), , . , Traefik.

Traefik (“ ”) , .

Docker
Kubernetes
Consul Catalog
Marathon
Rancher
File

.

, , — “File”, ( ), - , , -. .

Traefik, “File” TOML YAML, YAML , - , . Traefik Docker. docker-compose, .

* Linux.

Traefik

docker docker-compose, .

traefik, ,

mkdir ~/traefik
cd ~/traefik

() Traefik docker-compose.yml . :

version: '3'
services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v2.2
    container_name: traefik
    restart: unless-stopped
    security_opt:
      - no-new-privileges:true
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 443:443 
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - ./data/traefik.yml:/traefik.yml:ro

80 443 HTTP HTTPS . Docker . Traefik traefik.yml data .

networks Docker-, Traefik .

( , ):

entryPoints:
  http:
    address: ":80"
  https:
    address: ":443"

http https ( , a b) .

— Docker, :

providers:
  docker:
    endpoint: "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
    exposedByDefault: false

Traefik , . — Traefik ( ).

HTTP HTTPS ( ):

http:
  routers:
    http-catchall:
      rule: HostRegexp(`{host:.+}`)
      entrypoints:
      - http
      middlewares:
      - redirect-to-https
  middlewares:
    redirect-to-https:
      redirectScheme:
        scheme: https
        permanent: false

Traefik HTTP , TCP UDP, http.

Traefik 2 routers () middlewares( ), .

http-catchall — , , http Traefik;
rule: — , , HostRegexp, Host .+ ( ), Traefik — (host ), {name:reg_exp};
entrypoints — , , http;
middlewares — , ( ).

redirect-to-https — , , http Traefik;
redirectScheme — , ;
scheme: https — HTTPS ;
permanent: false — .

( — BasicAuth).

traefik.yml

entryPoints:
  http:
    address: ":80"
  https:
    address: ":443"

http:
  routers:
    http-catchall:
      rule: hostregexp(`{host:.+}`)
      entrypoints:
      - http
      middlewares:
      - redirect-to-https
  middlewares:
    redirect-to-https:
      redirectScheme:
        scheme: https
        permanent: false

providers:
  docker:
    endpoint: "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
    exposedByDefault: false

sudo docker-compose up -d

, (sudo docker-compose logs -f) , .

Let's Encrypt

HTTPS - SSL , , Let's Encrypt.

(traefik.yml) :

certificatesResolvers:
  letsEncrypt:
    acme:
      email: postmaster@example.com
      storage: acme.json
      caServer: "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
      httpChallenge:
        entryPoint: http

letsEncrypt — ;
acme — ( - );
storage — , ;
httpChallenge — acme-, — ;
caServer: "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory" — Let's Encrypt , API ( , ).

volumes docker-compose.yml, ( data/acme.json):

    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - ./data/traefik.yml:/traefik.yml:ro
      - ./data/acme.json:/acme.json

Docker

HTTPS , , Traefik, Traefik Docker, .

Docker Traefik (labels) . docker-compose.yml:

    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.entrypoints=https"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.rule=Host(`traefik.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls.certresolver=letsEncrypt"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.service=api@internal"
      - "traefik.http.services.traefik-traefik.loadbalancer.server.port=888"

:

traefik.enable=true — Traefik , ;

traefik.http.routers.traefik.entrypoints=https — https;

traefik.http.routers.traefik.rule=Host(traefik.example.com) — traefik.example.com;

traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls=true — TLS;

traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls.certresolver=letsEncrypt — ;

traefik.http.routers.traefik.service=api@internal — , — api@internal, , , ;

traefik.http.services.traefik-traefik.loadbalancer.server.port=888 — , , .

, traefik.yml:

api:
  dashboard: true

( docker-compose.yml):

sudo docker-compose down && sudo docker-compose up -d

traefik.example.com ( , Traefik) .

, , , BasicAuth, Traefik middleware.

(admin/password)^

$ htpasswd -nb admin password
admin:$apr1$vDSqkf.v$GTJOtsd9CBiAFFnHTI2Ds1

docker-compose.yml :

      - "traefik.http.middlewares.traefik-auth.basicauth.users=admin:$$apr1$$vDSqkf.v$$GTJOtsd9CBiAFFnHTI2Ds1"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.middlewares=traefik-auth"

, $ $$.

traefik.http.middlewares.traefik-auth.basicauth.users=... — middleware basicauth users;

traefik.http.routers.traefik.middlewares=traefik-auth — traefik - middleware.

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v2.2
    container_name: traefik
    restart: unless-stopped
    security_opt:
      - no-new-privileges:true
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 443:443 
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - ./data/traefik.yml:/traefik.yml:ro
      - ./data/acme.json:/acme.json
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.entrypoints=https"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.rule=Host(`traefik.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls.certresolver=letsEncrypt"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.service=api@internal"
      - "traefik.http.services.traefik-traefik.loadbalancer.server.port=888"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.traefik-auth.basicauth.users=admin:$$apr1$$vDSqkf.v$$GTJOtsd9CBiAFFnHTI2Ds1"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.middlewares=traefik-auth"

, docker-compose ( docker):

    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.test.entrypoints=https"
      - "traefik.http.routers.test.rule=Host(`test.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.test.tls=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.test.tls.certresolver=letsEncrypt"
      - "traefik.http.services.test-service.loadbalancer.server.port=80"

traefik.http.services.test-service.loadbalancer.server.port=80 — test-service 80, test, Traefik , .

File

, - ( IP 192.168.1.222 8080) , HTTPS. .

docker-compose.yml volume:

    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - ./data/traefik.yml:/traefik.yml:ro
      - ./data/custom/:/custom/:ro
      - ./data/acme.json:/acme.json

data/custom/ ( , ).

traefik.yml file :

providers:
...
  file:
    directory: /custom
    watch: true

docker-compose.yml, watch: true Traefik ( “ ”, , ).

Traefik (data/custom/host.yml):

http:
  routers:
    host:
      entryPoints: 
      - https
      service: service-host
      rule: Host(`host.example.com`) 
      tls:
        certResolver: letsEncrypt
  services:
    service-host:  
      loadBalancer:
        servers:
        - url: http://192.168.1.222:8080/
        passHostHeader: true

, service: service-host — , TLS.

_:
  loadBalancer:
    servers:
    -    
    - ...

passHostHeader: true , .

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v2.2
    container_name: traefik
    restart: unless-stopped
    security_opt:
      - no-new-privileges:true
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 443:443 
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - ./data/traefik.yml:/traefik.yml:ro
      - ./data/custom/:/custom/:ro
      - ./data/acme.json:/acme.json
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.entrypoints=https"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.rule=Host(`traefik.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls.certresolver=letsEncrypt"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.service=api@internal"
      - "traefik.http.services.traefik-traefik.loadbalancer.server.port=888"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.traefik-auth.basicauth.users=admin:$$apr1$$vDSqkf.v$$GTJOtsd9CBiAFFnHTI2Ds1"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.middlewares=traefik-auth"

data/traefik.yml

api:
  dashboard: true

entryPoints:
  http:
    address: ":80"
  https:
    address: ":443"

http:
  routers:
    http-catchall:
      rule: hostregexp(`{host:.+}`)
      entrypoints:
      - http
      middlewares:
      - redirect-to-https
  middlewares:
    redirect-to-https:
      redirectScheme:
        scheme: https
        permanent: false

providers:
  docker:
    endpoint: "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
    exposedByDefault: false
  file:
    directory: /custom
    watch: true

certificatesResolvers:
  letsEncrypt:
    acme:
      email: postmaster@example.com
      storage: acme.json
      #caServer: "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
      httpChallenge:
        entryPoint: http

data/custom/host.yml

http:
  routers:
    host:
      entryPoints: 
      - https
      service: service-host
      rule: Host(`host.example.com`) 
      tls:
        certResolver: letsEncrypt
  services:
    service-host:  
      loadBalancer:
        servers:
        - url: http://192.168.1.222:8080/
        passHostHeader: true

Traefik HTTP Docker File. SSL Let's Encrypt, HTTPS, .

TCP UDP ( , — TCP), , Traefik .

.

Traefik memungkinkan Anda mengumpulkan informasi tentang pekerjaan Anda dalam berbagai format, mari kita lihat bagaimana hal ini dilakukan ketika menggunakan Prometheus.

Mari kita tambahkan titik masuk baru

data/traefik.yml::

entryPoints:
...
  metrics:
    address: ":8082"

docker-compose.yml:

    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 443:443 
      - 8082:8082

Dan tambahkan kemampuan untuk mengumpulkan metrik untuk Prometheus dari port ini data/traefik.yml:

metrics:
  prometheus:
    entryPoint: metrics

Tetap hanya mengonfigurasi Prometheus untuk mengumpulkan metrik dari traefik_ip:8082.

Berikut adalah isi file dengan konfigurasi yang dihasilkan:

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  traefik:
    image: traefik:v2.2
    container_name: traefik
    restart: unless-stopped
    security_opt:
      - no-new-privileges:true
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 443:443 
      - 8082:8082
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
      - ./data/traefik.yml:/traefik.yml:ro
      - ./data/custom/:/custom/:ro
      - ./data/acme.json:/acme.json
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.entrypoints=https"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.rule=Host(`traefik.example.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.tls.certresolver=letsEncrypt"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.service=api@internal"
      - "traefik.http.services.traefik-traefik.loadbalancer.server.port=888"
      - "traefik.http.middlewares.traefik-auth.basicauth.users=admin:$$apr1$$vDSqkf.v$$GTJOtsd9CBiAFFnHTI2Ds1"
      - "traefik.http.routers.traefik.middlewares=traefik-auth"

data / traefik.yml

api:
  dashboard: true

entryPoints:
  http:
    address: ":80"
  https:
    address: ":443"
  metrics:
    address: ":8082"

metrics:
  prometheus:
    entryPoint: metrics

http:
  routers:
    http-catchall:
      rule: hostregexp(`{host:.+}`)
      entrypoints:
      - http
      middlewares:
      - redirect-to-https
  middlewares:
    redirect-to-https:
      redirectScheme:
        scheme: https
        permanent: false

providers:
  docker:
    endpoint: "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
    exposedByDefault: false
  file:
    directory: /custom
    watch: true

certificatesResolvers:
  letsEncrypt:
    acme:
      email: postmaster@example.com
      storage: acme.json
      #caServer: "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
      httpChallenge:
        entryPoint: http

Pengantar Traefik 2.0

pengantar

Traefik

Let's Encrypt

Docker

File

.

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