Pengembangan perangkat lunak dan pengujian perangkat lunak sekilas tampak sangat berbeda satu sama lain, tetapi ada aspek yang penting dalam kedua disiplin ilmu tersebut.
Dalam artikel ini, kita akan melihat beberapa pola dan metodologi desain perangkat lunak umum yang dapat berguna saat bekerja dengan otomatisasi UI, terutama saat membangun kerangka pengujian UI. Contoh dan kasus penggunaan yang diberikan di sini adalah untuk kerangka kerja kami sendiri.
Harap dicatat bahwa ini bukan contoh kode lengkap, melainkan contoh kode yang disederhanakan yang menggambarkan konsep. Karena ini adalah bahasa pemrograman utama saya, kode di bawah ini ditulis dalam Java. Saya mencoba membuatnya sesederhana dan sesederhana mungkin.
Pola Berguna untuk Mengotomatiskan Pengujian UI
Pola desain adalah bagian kode yang tidak lengkap yang dapat digunakan dalam proyek. Sebaliknya, ini lebih terlihat seperti rencana solusi.
, . , , , .
(Decorator)
-. , - , A/B- .
, ! «», . : . , - .
Login. «».
- . , «». . , , , .
!
LoginComponent - Login. , login.
package decorator;
public interface LoginComponent {
void login(String user, String password);
}
BasicLoginComponent login. «Basic login» .
package decorator;
public class BasicLoginComponent implements LoginComponent {
@Override
public void login(String user, String password) {
System.out.println("Basic login: " + user + ", " + password);
}
}
. LoginDecorator LoginComponent . LoginComponent.
package decorator;
public abstract class LoginDecorator implements LoginComponent {
private final LoginComponent loginComponent;
public LoginDecorator(LoginComponent loginComponent) {
this.loginComponent = loginComponent;
}
@Override
public void login(String user, String password) {
loginComponent.login(user, password);
}
}
MobileLoginDecorator login , . , «Mobile login», .
package decorator;
public class MobileLoginDecorator extends LoginDecorator {
public MobileLoginDecorator(LoginComponent loginComponent) {
super(loginComponent);
}
@Override
public void login(String user, String password) {
System.out.println("Mobile login: " + user + ", " + password);
}
}
CancelButtonDecorator cancel Login.
package decorator;
public class CancelButtonDecorator extends LoginDecorator {
public CancelButtonDecorator(LoginComponent loginComponent) {
super(loginComponent);
}
public void cancel() {
System.out.println("Click the cancel button");
}
}
, !
package decorator;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("DECORATOR PATTERN");
System.out.println("=================");
// This is the basic login component
LoginComponent loginComponent = new BasicLoginComponent();
loginComponent.login("User", "PW");
// Let's turn it into a mobile login component.
loginComponent = new MobileLoginDecorator(loginComponent);
loginComponent.login("User", "PW");
// Finally, we can add a cancel functionality.
loginComponent = new CancelButtonDecorator(loginComponent);
((CancelButtonDecorator) loginComponent).cancel();
}
}
:
DECORATOR PATTERN
=================
Basic login: User, PW
Mobile login: User, PW
Click the cancel button
, , . , . .
Page Object Page Component
, UI, Page Object. , . , .
, , . : Page Component. , , .
Page Object
-, . Page Object, , WebshopPage.
package pageobjects;
public class WebshopPage {
public void search(final String queryString) {
System.out.println("Enter " + queryString);
System.out.println("Click search button");
}
public void checkResultHeadline() {
System.out.println("Check if the headline is correct.");
}
public void checkResults() {
System.out.println("Check if there are search results.");
}
}
, , . Main .
package pageobjects;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("PAGE OBJECTS");
System.out.println("============");
WebshopPage webshopPage = new WebshopPage();
webshopPage.search("T-Shirt");
webshopPage.checkResultHeadline();
webshopPage.checkResults();
}
}
, :
PAGE OBJECTS
============
Enter T-Shirt
Click search button
Check if the headline is correct.
Check if there are search results.
. , .
Page Component
Page Component. : .
SearchBar .
package pagecomponents;
public class SearchBar {
public void search(final String queryString) {
System.out.println("Enter " + queryString);
System.out.println("Click search button");
}
}
ResultList:
package pagecomponents;
public class ResultList {
public void checkResultHeadline() {
System.out.println("Check if the headline is correct.");
}
public void checkResults() {
System.out.println("Check if there are search results.");
}
}
WebshopPage, .
package pagecomponents;
public class WebshopPage {
public SearchBar searchBar() {
return new SearchBar();
}
public ResultList resultList() {
return new ResultList();
}
}
. , .
package pagecomponents;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("PAGE COMPONENTS");
System.out.println("===============");
WebshopPage webshopPage = new WebshopPage();
webshopPage.searchBar().search("T-Shirt");
webshopPage.resultList().checkResultHeadline();
webshopPage.resultList().checkResults();
}
}
:
PAGE COMPONENTS
===============
Enter T-Shirt
Click search button
Check if the headline is correct.
Check if there are search results.
, , . , .
(Factory)
, , , . , .
. . , .
.
-, , , . , . , .
package factory;
public class Component {
public void initialize() {
System.out.println("Initializing " + getClass().getName());
}
}
Component:
public class ResultList extends Component {
...
}
public class SearchBar extends Component {
...
}
- , . , , initialize .
package factory;
public class ComponentFactory {
public static Component getComponent(final String componentName) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Creating " + componentName + "...");
// Create a component instance for the passed in component name.
Component component;
switch (componentName){
case "SearchBar":
component = new SearchBar();
break;
case "ResultList":
component = new ResultList();
break;
default:
throw new Exception(componentName + " unknown.");
}
System.out.println("Component created: " + component);
component.initialize();
return component;
}
}
Main , WebshopPage - .
package factory;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FACTORY PATTERN");
System.out.println("===============");
WebshopPage webshopPage = new WebshopPage();
webshopPage.searchBar().search("Berlin");
}
}
:
FACTORY PATTERN
===============
Creating SearchBar...
Component created: factory.SearchBar@3d075dc0
Initializing factory.SearchBar
Enter Berlin
Click search button
, .
, . , , , .
(Dependency Injection)
« ». , , , , . .
, , , - , Spring Guice, . , .
UI -. , , . , , -. Login, . «» - .
LoginData, . .
package dependencyinjection;
public interface LoginData {
String getUserName();
String getPassword();
}
: «», «» .
package dependencyinjection;
public class LoginDataReal implements LoginData {
@Override
public String getUserName() {
return "Real user";
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return "Real password";
}
}
package dependencyinjection;
public class LoginDataFake implements LoginData {
@Override
public String getUserName() {
return "Fake user";
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return "Fake password";
}
}
LoginPage LoginData login. , LoginPage, .
package dependencyinjection;
public class LoginPage {
private final LoginData loginData;
public LoginPage(final LoginData loginData) {
this.loginData = loginData;
}
public void login(){
System.out.println("Logging in with " + loginData.getClass());
System.out.println("- user: " + loginData.getUserName());
System.out.println("- password: " + loginData.getPassword());
}
}
- , .
package dependencyinjection;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("DEPENDENCY INJECTION");
System.out.println("====================");
LoginPage loginPageReal = new LoginPage(new LoginDataReal());
loginPageReal.login();
LoginPage loginPageFake = new LoginPage(new LoginDataFake());
loginPageFake.login();
}
}
, . :
DEPENDENCY INJECTION
====================
Logging in with class dependencyinjection.LoginDataReal
user: Real user
password: Real password
Logging in with class dependencyinjection.LoginDataFake
user: Fake user
password: Fake password
, , , . , .
, , - . , , .
:
. , - : !
, UI, , . . , .
(Keep It Simple)
. , . , . , - .
(You Aren’t Gonna Need It)
, YAGNI, . « » , , . , , , , , , - .
Jika Anda tetap berpegang pada prinsip ini, Anda mungkin akan mengembangkan kerangka pengujian Anda lebih cepat karena Anda tidak perlu memikirkan semua kemungkinan sebelum menerapkan. Selain itu, Anda dapat memberikan alat yang Anda butuhkan sesuai permintaan, daripada memberikan solusi out-of-the-box yang bisa sangat banyak dan sulit digunakan.
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