Clever Geek Handbook

Memasak C ++. Sistem pembuatan kue

Membangun Hello World dengan Bake
Membangun Hello World dengan Bake

Sebagian besar dari Anda mungkin setuju bahwa CMake sejauh ini merupakan sistem build paling populer untuk project C / C ++. Bayangkan betapa terkejutnya saya melihat proyek baru ini membangun sistemnya sendiri - Panggang .

Pada artikel ini saya ingin menjelaskan fitur-fitur utama dari sistem ini, bagaimana perbedaannya dari sistem lain yang serupa dan menunjukkan bagaimana ia dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan berbagai masalah yang muncul dalam proses pengembangan program.

Bake adalah sistem build lintas platform untuk project C / C ++ yang ditujukan terutama untuk sistem tertanam. Bake ditulis dalam Ruby, open source dan masih didukung (dalam pengembangan sejak 2012)

Tujuan utama pengembang saat membuat solusi ini:

  1. Utilitas baris perintah (ada dukungan untuk plugin untuk beberapa editor, termasuk VSCode);

  2. Yang seharusnya hanya menyelesaikan satu masalah - membangun program;

  3. File konfigurasi sederhana - pengembang harus menghabiskan waktu mereka untuk menulis kode, bukan file rakitan;

  4. , ;

  5. ( , . .).

. Bake Ruby gem. Ruby ( 2.0). gem bake-toolkit rubygems.org:

gem install bake-toolkit

, :

mkdir myapp && cd myapp bake --create exe

, 

bake -a black
**** Building 1 of 1: bake (Main) ****
Compiling bake (Main): src/main.cpp
Linking bake (Main): build/Main/bake
Building done.

-a , bake ( , ANSI).

.   , Bake , , . , .

, ( , bake --rebuild):

bake -c
Cleaning done.
bake -v2 -a black
**** Applying 1 of 2: bake (IncludeOnly) ****
**** Building 2 of 2: bake (Main) ****
g++ -c -MD -MF build/Main/src/main.d -Iinclude -o build/Main/src/main.o src/main.cpp
g++ -o build/Main/bake build/Main/src/main.o
Building done.

-v(0-3) output, , 2, .

, :

my_app
|
|-- .bake
     `-- .gitignore
     |-- Default.Project.meta.cache
     |-- Project.meta.cache 
|-- build
     `-- Main
         `-- src
         |    `-- main.cmdline
         |    |-- main.d
         |    |-- main.d.bake
         |    |-- main.o
         |-- .gitignore
         |-- my_app
         |-- my_app.cmdline
|-- Project.meta
|-- include
`-- src
     `-- main.cpp

Project.meta , CMakeLists.txt CMake, . Bake, , . Project.meta .

.bake -, , Bake . . , Bake .gitignore Git.

build . main.o my_app, .cmdline , /. .d.bake header . build , Project.meta, Main , .

Project default: Main {

  RequiredBakeVersion minimum: "2.66.0"
  
  Responsible {
    Person "mdanilov"
  }

  CustomConfig IncludeOnly {
    IncludeDir include, inherit: true
  }

  ExecutableConfig Main {
    Files "src/*/.cpp"
    Dependency config: IncludeOnly
    DefaultToolchain GCC
  }
}  

Bake , . , - RText. Bake .

, VSCode extension . IDE .

, Project , . ( Config) - (, bake ). - Config’, 3 - LibraryConfig , ExecutableConfig , ELF , , CustomConfig . , IncludeOnly CustomConfig Main ExecutableConfig, default.

Bake Config include ( CMake include_directories target_include_directories), CustomConfig IncludeOnly, Bake Config.

, IncludeDir include , header . API, , include . inherit , Dependency.

ExecutableConfig , , Files. C Dependency Config, CustomConfig IncludeOnly. , include (. inherit: true ).

DefaultToolchain, Bake - . gcc.

toolchain :

bake --toolchain-names
Available toolchains:
* Diab
* GCC
* CLANG
* CLANG_ANALYZE
* CLANG_BITCODE
* TI
* GreenHills
* Keil
* IAR
* MSVC
* GCC_ENV
* Tasking

Hello world ,

workspace.

Contoh struktur proyek untuk aplikasi my_app
my_app

, my_app, libA, libB, libC. libB libC, libC . unit libB.

Bake. Project.meta toolchain , Project.meta ( Project.meta , ).

Project.meta Flags. C++, (Linker), C (Compiler C), (Compiler ASM) (Archiver). - GCC toolchain bake --toolchain-info GCC.

Bake Config. ( , . .) CommandLine ( ). , release MakeDir Copy PostSteps.

, ArtifactName , Main . 

Bake 3 : , .

  • ;

  • Set InstallDir bake --set MyVar="Hello world!";

Project.meta :

libA/Project.meta

Project default: Lib {

  CustomConfig IncludeOnly {
    IncludeDir include, inherit: true
  }

  LibraryConfig Lib {
    Files "src/*/.cpp"
    Dependency config: IncludeOnly
    Toolchain {
      Compiler CPP {
        Flags remove: "-O2 -march=native"
      }
    }
  }
}

Bake toolchain Config. libA , DefaultToolchain, .

libB/Project.meta

Project default: Lib {
  CustomConfig IncludeOnly {
    IncludeDir include, inherit: true
  }
	
  LibraryConfig Lib {
    Files "src//.cpp"
    Dependency config: IncludeOnly
    Dependency libC, config: IncludeOnly
  }
  
  ExecutableConfig UnitTest {
    Files "test/src//.cpp"
    Dependency config: Lib
    DefaultToolchain GCC
  }
}

libB , UnitTest. Config , DefaultToolchain ( , UnitTest).

libC/Project.meta

Project default: Lib {
  CustomConfig IncludeOnly {
    IncludeDir include, inherit: true
  }
	
  LibraryConfig Lib {
    ExternalLibrary "libC.a", search: false
    Dependency config: IncludeOnly
  }
}

libC , , ExternalLibrary.

, bake -p <dir>, dir (libA, libB, ..).

1) Bake, , -j . , . 1 : bake -j 1

2) compile_commands.json. bake --compile-db compile_commands.json

3) . bake --prebuild, Config, , Config . Project.meta :

Prebuild {
  Except <project>, config: <config>
  ...
}

, SDK, , , .

SDK, , , API, Except . SDK bake --prebuild.

4) bakery. UnitTest bakery -b AllUnitTests, Collection.meta, bakery Config : 

Collection AllUnitTests {
  Project "*", config: UnitTest
}

5) . bake --dot DependencyGraph.dot :

Pohon ketergantungan proyek

6) JSON incudes defines bake --incs-and-defs=json :

"myapp": {
  "includes": [
    "libA/include",
    "libB/include",
    "libC/include"
  ],
  "cppdefines": [],
  "c_defines": [],
  "asm_defines": [],
  "dir": "/Users/mdanilov/Work/my_app"
}

Adaptions Bake

Adaptions Bake. , , , .

Project.meta, Adapt.meta ( ). . , --adapt.

. , gcc ( DefaultToolchain GCC) Clang , Project.meta. Bake, Adapt.meta:

Adapt {
  ExecutableConfig __MAIN__, project: __MAIN__, type: replace {
    DefaultToolchain CLANG
  }
}

, (replace) DefaultToolchain Config , __MAIN__ . 

: Adapt.meta , Bake ( Project.meta).

clang, bake --adapt clang , Clang.

__ALL__, . . , replace, remove, extend push_front. , , .

, --adapt .

:

Adapt toolchain: GCC, os: Windows {
  …
}

GCC Windows. Adapt If ( Unless, ) .

, , C/C++.

, Bake , . , Bake. , , .

Tetapi, jika saya menulis aplikasi saya berikutnya dalam C / C ++ untuk membangun, saya mungkin masih akan menggunakan CMake. Nah, karena itu CMake :)



More articles:


All Articles