Apa yang terjadi jika Anda menjalankan uji manage.py?

Terjemahan artikel disiapkan khusus untuk siswa kursus Pengembang Web Python .

Anda menjalankan tes dengan perintah manage.py test, tetapi apakah Anda tahu apa yang terjadi di balik terpal? Bagaimana cara kerja test runner dan bagaimana cara menempatkan titik, E dan F di layar?

Saat Anda mempelajari bagaimana Django bekerja, Anda akan menemukan banyak kasus penggunaan, seperti mengubah kuki, menyetel tajuk global, dan permintaan pencatatan log. Demikian pula, setelah Anda memahami cara kerja pengujian, Anda dapat menyesuaikan proses untuk, misalnya, memuat pengujian dalam urutan yang berbeda, mengonfigurasi parameter pengujian tanpa file terpisah, atau memblokir permintaan HTTP yang keluar.

Dalam artikel ini, kita akan membahas penyesuaian penting dari hasil pengujian Anda, serta mengubah gaya tampilan hasil pengujian dari titik dan huruf menjadi emoji.

, , .

. :

from django.test import TestCase


class ExampleTests(TestCase):
    def test_one(self):
        pass

:

$ python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

, , , -v 3:

$ python manage.py test -v 3
Creating test database for alias 'default' ('file:memorydb_default?mode=memory&cache=shared')...
Operations to perform:
  Synchronize unmigrated apps: core
  Apply all migrations: (none)
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
  Creating tables...
    Running deferred SQL...
Running migrations:
  No migrations to apply.
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
test_one (example.core.tests.test_example.ExampleTests) ... ok

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.004s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default' ('file:memorydb_default?mode=memory&cache=shared')...

, ! .

«Creating test database…» - Django . , .

SQLite, Django mode=memory . 10. , PostgreSQL, , in-memory.

«Operations to perform» – migrate . , manage.py migrate . , , .

«System check identified no issues». Django, « », . manage.py check, . , , , .

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. test runner , verbosity Django . «testone», , test runner «ok».

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5. / .

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, Django .

Django unittest

, , , Django unittest Python. , , , unittest, Django. :

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«test»

, , — , Django manage.py test. django.core.management.commands.test.

, – 100 . handle() TestRunner. :

def handle(self, *test_labels, **options):
    TestRunner = get_runner(settings, options['testrunner'])
    ...
    test_runner = TestRunner(**options)
    ...
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
    ...

.

TestRunner? Django, . , , Django – django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner. .

DiscoverRunner

DiscoverRunner – . , , - .

- :

class DiscoverRunner:
    """A Django test runner that uses unittest2 test discovery."""

    test_suite = unittest.TestSuite
    parallel_test_suite = ParallelTestSuite
    test_runner = unittest.TextTestRunner
    test_loader = unittest.defaultTestLoader

(, )

, . , – unittest.

, test_runner, , «test runner» — DiscoverRunner Django TextTestRunner unittest. DiscoverRunner , TextTestRunner, . , Django DiscoverRunner -, , TestCoordinator, . 

DiscoverRunner runtests(). , run_tests() :

def run_tests(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):
    self.setup_test_environment()
    suite = self.build_suite(test_labels, extra_tests)
    databases = self.get_databases(suite)
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
    self.run_checks(databases)
    result = self.run_suite(suite)
    self.teardown_databases(old_config)
    self.teardown_test_environment()
    return self.suite_result(suite, result)

. , :

• setup_databases() . , , get_databases(), SimpleTestCases , Django . migrate.

• run_checks() .

• run_suite() , .

• teardown_databases() .

, :

• setup_test_environment() teardown_test_environment() , .

• suite_result() .

, . Django. unittest - build_suite() run_suite().

.

buildsuite()

buildsuite() «suite». , , :

def build_suite(self, test_labels=None, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):
    suite = self.test_suite()
    test_labels = test_labels or ['.']

    for label in test_labels:
        tests = self.test_loader.loadTestsFromName(label)
        suite.addTests(tests)

    if self.parallel > 1:
        suite = self.parallel_test_suite(suite, self.parallel, self.failfast)

    return suite

, , , DiscoverRunner:

• test_suite - unittest, .

• parallel_test_suite - , Django.

• test_loader – unittest, .

runsuite()

DiscoverRunner, – run_suite(). , , :

def run_suite(self, suite, **kwargs):
    kwargs = self.get_test_runner_kwargs()
    runner = self.test_runner(**kwargs)
    return runner.run(suite)

– test runner . unittest, . unittest.TextTestRunner - test runner , , , XML- CI-. 

, TextTestRunner.

TextTestRunner

unittest - . :

class TextTestRunner(object):
    """A test runner class that displays results in textual form.
    It prints out the names of tests as they are run, errors as they
    occur, and a summary of the results at the end of the test run.
    """
    resultclass = TextTestResult

    def __init__(self, ..., resultclass=None, ...):

( )

DiscoverRunner, . TextTestResult . DiscoverRunner, resultclass, TextTestRunner._init_().

- . .

, :

, , , DiscoverRunner. , , .

Django :

• .

• DiscoverRunner, TESTRUNNER .

– , DiscoverRunner. DiscoverRunner unittest , , .

Test Runner

, . DiscoverRunner runtests(), super():

# example/test.py
from django.test.runner import DiscoverRunner


class SuperFastTestRunner(DiscoverRunner):
    def run_tests(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("All tests passed! A+")
        failures = 0
        return failures

:

TEST_RUNNER = "example.test.SuperFastTestRunner"

manage.py test, !

$ python manage.py test
All tests passed! A+

, !

, !

, TextTestResult unittest . DiscoverRunner, resultclass TextTestRunner.

Django resultclass, , --debug-sql option, .

 DiscoverRunner.run_suite() TextTestRunner DiscoverRunner.get_test_runner_kwargs():

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def get_test_runner_kwargs(self):
    return {
        'failfast': self.failfast,
        'resultclass': self.get_resultclass(),
        'verbosity': self.verbosity,
        'buffer': self.buffer,
    }

get_resultclass(), , (--debug-sql --pdb):

def get_resultclass(self):
    if self.debug_sql:
        return DebugSQLTextTestResult
    elif self.pdb:
        return PDBDebugResult

, None, TextTestResult resultclass. None TextTestResult:

class EmojiTestRunner(DiscoverRunner):
    def get_resultclass(self):
        klass = super().get_resultclass()
        if klass is None:
            return EmojiTestResult
        return klass

EmojiTestResult TextTestResult . , :

class EmojiTestResult(unittest.TextTestResult):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # If the "dots" style was going to be used, show emoji instead
        self.emojis = self.dots
        self.dots = False

    def addSuccess(self, test):
        super().addSuccess(test)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write('✅')
            self.stream.flush()

    def addError(self, test, err):
        super().addError(test, err)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write('?')
            self.stream.flush()

    def addFailure(self, test, err):
        super().addFailure(test, err)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write('❌')
            self.stream.flush()

    def addSkip(self, test, reason):
        super().addSkip(test, reason)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write("⏭")
            self.stream.flush()

    def addExpectedFailure(self, test, err):
        super().addExpectedFailure(test, err)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write("❎")
            self.stream.flush()

    def addUnexpectedSuccess(self, test):
        super().addUnexpectedSuccess(test)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write("✳️")
            self.stream.flush()

    def printErrors(self):
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.writeln()
        super().printErrors()

TEST_RUNNER EmojiTestRunner, :

$ python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
?❎❌⏭✅✅✅✳️

...

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 8 tests in 0.003s

FAILED (failures=1, errors=1, skipped=1, expected failures=1, unexpected successes=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

!

, unittest . , .

, , . , , . , , , . - unittest.

, DiscoverRunner:

• unittest-xml-reporting XML CI-.

• django-slow-tests .

, , .

, pytest 700 . - , , Django. , , pytest - . pytest .

, pytest.

, . , - , Django , .

: