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Menulis bot telegram di R (bagian 3): Bagaimana cara menambahkan dukungan keyboard ke bot

Ini adalah artikel ketiga dalam seri "Menulis bot telegram dalam bahasa R." Dalam publikasi sebelumnya, kita belajar cara membuat bot telegram, mengirim pesan melaluinya, menambahkan perintah dan filter pesan ke bot. Oleh karena itu, sebelum mulai membaca artikel ini, saya sangat menyarankan agar Anda membiasakan diri dengan artikel sebelumnya , karena disini saya tidak akan berhenti pada dasar-dasar pembuatan bot yang dijelaskan sebelumnya.



Dalam artikel ini, kami akan meningkatkan kegunaan bot kami dengan menambahkan keyboard, yang akan membuat antarmuka bot menjadi intuitif dan mudah digunakan.





Semua artikel dari seri "Menulis bot telegram dalam bahasa R"



  1. Kami membuat bot dan mengirim pesan ke telegram menggunakannya
  2. Tambahkan dukungan perintah dan filter pesan ke bot
  3. Cara menambahkan dukungan keyboard ke bot Anda
  4. Membangun dialog yang konsisten dan logis dengan bot
  5. Manajemen hak pengguna bot


Kandungan



Jika Anda tertarik dengan analisis data, Anda mungkin tertarik dengan saluran telegram dan youtube saya . Sebagian besar konten di antaranya dikhususkan untuk bahasa R.



  1. Jenis papan ketik apa yang didukung bot telegram?
  2. Balas keyboard
  3. Inline

    3.1. InLine

    3.2. ,

    3.3. , - habr.com




telegram.bot :



  • Reply — , , . , , .
  • Inline — . , , , . CallbackQueryHandler.


, sendMessage(), reply_markup.



.



Reply



, .



Reply 
bot <- Bot(token = "TOKEN")
chat_id <- "CHAT_ID"

# Create Custom Keyboard
text <- "Aren't those custom keyboards cool?"
RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
  keyboard = list(
    list(KeyboardButton("Yes, they certainly are!")),
    list(KeyboardButton("I'm not quite sure")),
    list(KeyboardButton("No..."))
  ),
  resize_keyboard = FALSE,
  one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)

# Send Custom Keyboard
bot$sendMessage(chat_id, text, reply_markup = RKM)


telegram.bot. ReplyKeyboardMarkup(), , KeyboardButton().



ReplyKeyboardMarkup() , ? , , , .. .



resize_keyboard , one_time_keyboard .



, 3 :



  • ID — ID
  • —
  • —


1: Reply 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##    
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(KeyboardButton(" ID")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" ")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" "))
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   id 
chat_id <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0(" id  : ", update$message$chat_id),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

##   
my_name <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0("  ", update$message$from$first_name),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

##   
my_username <- function(bot, update) {

  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0("  ", update$message$from$username),
                  parse_mode = "Markdown")

}

#  
##     ID
MessageFilters$chat_id <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " ID"

}
)

##     
MessageFilters$name <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "

}
)

##     
MessageFilters$username <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "
)

#  
h_start    <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_chat_id  <- MessageHandler(chat_id, filters = MessageFilters$chat_id)
h_name     <- MessageHandler(my_name, filters = MessageFilters$name)
h_username <- MessageHandler(my_username, filters = MessageFilters$username)

#    
updater <- updater + 
            h_start +
            h_chat_id +
            h_name +
            h_username

#   
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

/start, .. .





, , , , .



4 :



  • start —
  • chat_id —
  • my_name —
  • my_username —


MessageFilters 3 , :



  • chat_id — " ID"
  • name — " "
  • username — " "


4 , .



#  
h_start    <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_chat_id  <- MessageHandler(chat_id, filters = MessageFilters$chat_id)
h_name     <- MessageHandler(my_name, filters = MessageFilters$name)
h_username <- MessageHandler(my_username, filters = MessageFilters$username)


start() ReplyKeyboardMarkup().



RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(KeyboardButton(" ID")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" ")),
      list(KeyboardButton(" "))
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)


, , . .. , , :



RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
          KeyboardButton(" ID"),
          KeyboardButton(" "),
          KeyboardButton(" ")
     )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = FALSE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
)




sendMessage(), reply_markup.



  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)


Inline



, Inline . .



, Inline .



Inline answerCallbackQuery(), telegram, Inline .



Inline , CallbackQueryHandler().



Inline telegram.bot.



Inline 
# Initialize bot
bot <- Bot(token = "TOKEN")
chat_id <- "CHAT_ID"

# Create Inline Keyboard
text <- "Could you type their phone number, please?"
IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
  inline_keyboard = list(
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(1),
      InlineKeyboardButton(2),
      InlineKeyboardButton(3)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(4),
      InlineKeyboardButton(5),
      InlineKeyboardButton(6)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton(7),
      InlineKeyboardButton(8),
      InlineKeyboardButton(9)
    ),
    list(
      InlineKeyboardButton("*"),
      InlineKeyboardButton(0),
      InlineKeyboardButton("#")
    )
  )
)

# Send Inline Keyboard
bot$sendMessage(chat_id, text, reply_markup = IKM)


Inline InlineKeyboardMarkup(), , Reply . InlineKeyboardMarkup() , Inline , InlineKeyboardButton().



Inline - callback_data, - HTML , url.



, Inline , .



Inline .



InLine



covid-19. /test, , .



2: Inline 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#    InLine 
test <- function(bot, update) {

  #  InLine 
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'yes'),
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'no')
      )
    )
  )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = "  ?", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#     
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  data <- update$callback_query$data

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  #  
  if ( data == 'no' ) {

    msg <- paste0(uname, ", ,    covid-19 .")

  } else {

    msg <- paste0(uname, ",      covid-19 .")

  }

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
inline_h      <- CommandHandler('test', test)
query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + inline_h + query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



:



  • test — Inline
  • answer_cb — .


, callback_data, . update$callback_query$data, answer_cb.



Inline , answer_cb : CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb). Inline . CallbackQueryHandler :



  • callback —
  • pattern — , callback_data.


pattern :



3: Inline 
library(telegram.bot)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#    InLine 
test <- function(bot, update) {  

  #  InLine 
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'yes'),
        InlineKeyboardButton("", callback_data = 'no')
      )
    )
  )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = "  ?", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#      
answer_cb_yes <- function(bot, update) {

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  #  
  msg <- paste0(uname, ",      covid-19 .")

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#      
answer_cb_no <- function(bot, update) {

  #   ,  
  uname <- update$effective_user()$first_name

  msg <- paste0(uname, ", ,    covid-19 .")

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text = msg)

  #  ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
inline_h          <- CommandHandler('test', test)
query_handler_yes <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_yes, pattern = 'yes')
query_handler_no  <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_no, pattern = 'no')

#    
updater <- updater + 
            inline_h + 
            query_handler_yes +
            query_handler_no

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

2 , .. , , pattern, :



query_handler_yes <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_yes, pattern = 'yes')
query_handler_no  <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb_no, pattern = 'no')


answer_cb bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id), , inline .



,



, .



. /start , "". Inline , , . , .



:





4: , 
library(telegram.bot)
library(httr)
library(stringr)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##     
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
        KeyboardButton("")
      )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = TRUE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   Inine 
weather <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'New York,us'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '-', callback_data = 'Saint Petersburg'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '-', callback_data = 'New York')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Yekaterinburg,ru'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Berlin,de'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Paris,fr')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Rome,it'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Odessa,ua'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Kyiv,fr')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Tokyo'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Amsterdam,nl'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = '', callback_data = 'Washington,us')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#    
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  city <- update$callback_query$data

  #  
  ans <- GET('https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather', 
             query = list(q     = city,
                          lang  = 'ru',
                          units = 'metric',
                          appid = '4776568ccea136ffe4cda9f1969af340')) 

  #  
  result <- content(ans)

  #  
  msg <- str_glue("{result$name} :\n",
                  " : {result$main$temp}\n",
                  " : {result$wind$speed}\n",
                  ": {result$weather[[1]]$description}")

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text    = msg)

  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id) 
}

#  
##    
MessageFilters$weather <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == ""

}
)

#  
h_start         <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_weather       <- MessageHandler(weather, filters = MessageFilters$weather)
h_query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + 
              h_start +
              h_weather +
              h_query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



:



3 , :



  • start —
  • weather — Inline
  • answer_cb — , API , .


start /start, CommandHandler('start', start).



weather :



#  
##    
MessageFilters$weather <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == ""

}
)


: MessageHandler(weather, filters = MessageFilters$weather).



, answer_cb Inline , : CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb).



answer_cb, city: city <- update$callback_query$data. API , , answerCallbackQuery , , , Inline .



, - habr.com.



, , Inline .



, /start. 6 , , 5 .



, , habR, R.



habR github, devtools. .



install.packages('devtools')
devtools::install_github('selesnow/habR')


:



5: 
library(telegram.bot)
library(habR)

#    Updater
updater <- Updater('  ')

#  
##     
start <- function(bot, update) {

  #  
  RKM <- ReplyKeyboardMarkup(
    keyboard = list(
      list(
        KeyboardButton(" ")
      )
    ),
    resize_keyboard = TRUE,
    one_time_keyboard = TRUE
  )

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id,
                  text = ' ', 
                  reply_markup = RKM)

}

##   Inine 
habs <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'R', callback_data = 'R'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Mining', callback_data = 'data_mining'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Engineering', callback_data = 'data_engineering')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Big Data', callback_data = 'bigdata'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Python', callback_data = 'python'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = ' ', callback_data = 'data_visualization')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}

#    
answer_cb <- function(bot, update) {

  #    
  hub <- update$callback_query$data

  #   ,     
  bot$answerCallbackQuery(callback_query_id = update$callback_query$id, 
                          text = '  ,  ') 

  #   ,       
  mid <- bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                         text    = "   ,      ")

  #  
  posts <- head(habr_hub_posts(hub, 1), 5)

  #    ,   
  bot$deleteMessage(update$from_chat_id(), mid$message_id) 

  #   
  keys <- lapply(1:5, function(x) list(InlineKeyboardButton(posts$title[x], url = posts$link[x])))

  #  
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard =  keys 
    )

  #    
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$from_chat_id(),
                  text    = paste0("5      ", hub),
                  reply_markup = IKM)

}

#  
##    
MessageFilters$hubs <- BaseFilter(function(message) {

  #   
  message$text == " "

}
)

#  
h_start         <- CommandHandler('start', start)
h_hubs          <- MessageHandler(habs, filters = MessageFilters$hubs)
h_query_handler <- CallbackQueryHandler(answer_cb)

#    
updater <- updater + 
  h_start +
  h_hubs  +
  h_query_handler

#  
updater$start_polling()


, ' ' , BotFather ( ).

:



, habs:



##   Inine 
habs <- function(bot, update) {

  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard = list(
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'R', callback_data = 'r'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Mining', callback_data = 'data_mining'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Data Engineering', callback_data = 'data_engineering')
      ),
      list(
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Big Data', callback_data = 'bigdata'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = 'Python', callback_data = 'python'),
        InlineKeyboardButton(text = ' ', callback_data = 'data_visualization')
      )
    )
  )

  # Send Inline Keyboard
  bot$sendMessage(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = " ", 
                  reply_markup = IKM)
}


habr_hub_posts(), habR. , , 20 . head() 5 , .



  #  
  posts <- head(habr_hub_posts(hub, 1), 5)


, Inline lapply().



  #   
  keys <- lapply(1:5, function(x) list(InlineKeyboardButton(posts$title[x], url = posts$link[x])))

  #  
  IKM <- InlineKeyboardMarkup(
    inline_keyboard =  keys 
    )


posts$title[x], url : url = posts$link[x].



, , .





, , , . .



, .



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